SYSTEMIC EVALUATION AND GOOD PRACTICE OF THE SURGICAL PATIENT WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: NARRATIVE REVIEW

I. Catalano^1*§, C. Annicchiarico^1§, A. Annicchiarico² and A. Coppola³

¹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy;
² University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy;
³ Independent Researcher, Naples, Italy.

*Correspondence to:
Irene Catalano,
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,
University of Foggia,
71122 Foggia, Italy.
e-mail: irecata@icluod.com

§ Equal contribution

Received: 03 March, 2025 Accepted: 30 April, 2025

ISSN 2975-044X (online) ISSN 2038-4106 (print) Copyright © by BIOLIFE 2025 This publication and/or article is for individual use only and may not be further reproduced without written permission from the copyright holder. Unauthorized reproduction may result in financial and other penalties. Disclosure: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the correct management of dental patients undergoing oral surgery, suffering from cardiovascular disease. Methods: Research and analysis was carried out of systemic reviews in the English language that were about the application of artificial intelligence in dental fields, using databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results: Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that the 980 nm diode laser is a useful tool in the treatment of periodontitis in post-myocardial infarction patients, as it is painless, eliminates the risk of bleeding, reduces the need for anaesthesia and causes accelerated tissue healing. It also proves to be a valid therapeutic alternative, as it prevents cardiac overload due to the adrenergic reaction induced by dental surgery, which can trigger acute ischemic events. Conclusions: The use of the 980 nm (1 W, continuous wave) diode laser in patients with post-myocardial infarction periodontitis helps to reduce the depth of the periodontal pockets ( 7 mm) and lowers the bacterial load, delaying recolonization during a 3-month observation period. It has no significant effect on bleeding at the probe (BOP), clinical attack level (CAL) or plaque control index (PCR), nor does it significantly reduce pathogens related to cardiovascular disease. However, as it is painless, reduces bleeding and accelerates healing without the need for anaesthesia, laser represents a valid and less invasive therapeutic alternative, reducing cardiac stress and the risk of ischemic events.

KEYWORDS: Oral health, oral surgery, cardiovascular disease, laser, dental disease, heart disease