Eur J Musculoskel Dis 2025 Sep-Dec;14(3):148-155
ARTICLE
MATERIALS SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES IN ENDODONTIC SURGERY: AN UPDATE
S. Ceraulo1,2*, H.Z. Hao1 and A. Barbarisi1
1 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20100 Monza, Italy;
2 Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy.
*Correspondence to:
Saverio Ceraulo,
Department of Medicine and Surgery,
University of Milano-Bicocca,
20100 Monza, Italy.
e-mail: saverio.ceraulo@unimib.it
| Received: 04 September, 2025 Accepted: 11 November, 2025
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ISSN 2975-044X (online) ISSN 2038-4106 (print) Copyright © by BIOLIFE 2025 This publication and/or article is for individual use only and may not be further reproduced without written permission from the copyright holder. Unauthorized reproduction may result in financial and other penalties. Disclosure: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. |
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Endodontic surgery is a reliable procedure for the treatment of teeth with persistent periradicular lesions. The aim of this study is to identify and summarise the cases in which retrograde endodontic surgery is indicated and the materials for performing it, with the aim of providing simple and predictable guidelines for daily clinical practice to achieve the best possible results. Methods: An electronic search of the Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE) and ScienceDirect databases was conducted between January and December 2024. Inclusion criteria were randomised clinical trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies in humans with at least 1 year of follow-up, published within the last 15 years. Two researchers independently screened the title and abstract of each article identified in the search to determine eligibility. Results: Ten articles were selected and compared with the Matrix method, as the other publications were used for background writing. The indications for retrograde surgery are persistent or refractory endodontic lesions, perforations of the apical third, intraradicular infections that cannot be treated with orthodontic root canal therapy, obstruction or obliteration of the root canal lumen, extraradicular infections, well-executed root canal treatments where it is difficult to obtain a better result with orthodontic therapy. Conclusions: With regard to materials, Super-EBA, MTA and BD when used according to the indications, reported superimposable results. The use of magnifying equipment and ultrasonic inserts facilitates the execution of treatment and increases the quality of work.
KEYWORDS: Endodontic surgery, retrofilling material, MTA, SuperEba, periradicular lesion, retrograde endodontics
